APBD Signs and Symptoms

APBD affects the nervous system, including both the central nervous system (CNS) (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (which connects the CNS to muscles, skin, and internal organs). This means the symptoms can vary widely from person to person, both in type and severity. 

Most people with APBD start noticing symptoms in their 40s or 50s, but some may experience signs earlier. According to the 2024 GSD IV, including APBD, Clinical Practice Guidelines, doctors should consider APBD in adults who have: 

  • Bladder control issues (frequent, urgent need to urinate)

  • Weakness or stiffness in the legs

  • Numbness, weakness, or pain in the hands and feet (neuropathy)

For some, urinary issues appear years - even decades - before other symptoms.

Other Common Symptoms of APBD:

  • Foot drop (difficulty lifting the front part of the foot)

  • Unsteady walking or poor balance

  • Leg stiffness and muscle tightness (spasticity)

  • Mild memory and attention problems

  • Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline

  • Fatigue

  • Changes in involuntary body functions (autonomic nervous system issues)


As the condition progresses, many people eventually need mobility aids like a cane, walker, or wheelchair to stay active and independent.

Misdiagnosis is common. APBD is frequently misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis, cerebral small vessel disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or peripheral neuropathies. A study published in May 2019 in the journal Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders suggests that nearly 1 in 5 people with other neurologic conditions are mistakenly diagnosed with MS. Misdiagnoses result in patients receiving unnecessary investigations and potentially harmful therapeutic interventions.

If you have doubts about your MS diagnosis or suspect you may have APBD, talk to your doctor about your concerns. A simple saliva test can help diagnose APBD. For more information, support, and guidance, reach out to the APBD Research Foundation at info@apbdrf.org. We connect patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to resources that can help.

 
 

What is APBD